Effect of Chlorhexidine and Tea Tree Oil on Reducing the Number of Oral Microorganisms.

OBJECTIVES: Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effect of using two preoperative mouthwashes (0.12% chlorhexidine and 0.2% tea tree oil) on the number of colonies of oral microorganisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty participants who needed to be rehabilitated with dental implants were included in this study. They were randomly divided into two groups (chlorhexidine group and tea tree group; n = 20, each). For each group, saliva samples were collected at four different times: T0 (initially)-before using the mouthwash, T1-after 1 minute of using the mouthwash, T10-after 10 minutes of using the mouthwash, and T60-after 60 minutes of using the mouthwash. At T0 and T1, saliva samples were collected before implant placement surgery, and at T10 and T60, saliva samples were collected during surgery. In each group, one saliva sample was collected at each evaluated time point for each patient, totaling 4 saliva collections per patient. MSB agar (Mitis-Salivarius-Bacitracin) and BHI agar (Brain Heart Infusion) culture media were used in each group. Microbial colony counts were performed using a magnifying glass and recorded in CFU (colony forming units)/mL. Statistical analyses were performed using the Friedman, Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Based on MSB agar culture medium, at T0, the number of Streptococcus mutans colonies in the chlorhexidine group was significantly higher compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; MSB agar). The chlorhexidine group showed significantly lower CFU/mL values for Streptococcus mutans at T1, T10, and T60 compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; MSB agar). Based on BHI agar culture medium, at T0, the chlorhexidine group showed a significantly lower value of CFU/mL compared with the tea tree group (p < 0.05; BHI agar). At T1, T10, and T60, the chlorhexidine group showed significantly lower CFU/mL values compared with the tea tree group (p <0.05; BHI agar). CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine is more indicated as a preoperative mouthwash than tea tree oil, due to its significantly more effective antimicrobial action.

Abutment on Titanium-Base Hybrid Implant: A Literature Review.

An increase in the use of Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technologies challenges the conventional prosthetic fabrication procedures that are practical and centered on a digital workflow for the patient, especially for dental implants. Increasing workflow of digital restoration work, considering computer-used CAM for restoration technology systems and also fast/CAM for building restoration technology; fast/CAD, also known as abut-Base, has increased interest. Studies on adaptation of different restorative materials, on titanium (Ti)-base abutments, traction, and transformed cycling have become relevant. The objective of this work was to research, through literature studies, on restoration-type abutments. A total of 24 articles were found after searching the following terms in PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases: "ti-base AND abutment." Twenty-one manuscripts selected from the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After an analysis of these articles, it was concluded that the Ti-base abutment and components from the same manufacturer as the Implant should be used preferably; milled monolithic crowns designed to adapt to the Ti-base the hybrid abutment-crown assembly does not affect torque maintenance after thermal aging; the saliva and cleaning protocol of the Ti-base bonding surfaces can influence the operations of the Ti-base crowns; Ti-base and Crown surface treatment is recommended for better applicability and stability results, and the superiority of resin-based cements compared with other types of cements.

The effect of the "K" technique on levels of anxiety and salivar cortisol in adolescents / O efeito da técnica "K" nos níveis de ansiedade e cortisol salivar em adolescentes / El efecto de la técnica "K" sobre la ansiedad y los niveles de cortisol salivales en adolescentes

This research presents theoretical arguments of a new approach called Technique "K," which aims to reduce student's anxiety before a cognitive challenge. Through a randomized, controlled clinical trial, we evaluate the Beck Anxiety Inventory and salivary cortisol. We compared the results in the last year of high school, who were facing school tests, before and after the application of the "K" technique (intervention group) and placebo (control group). Statistical analyses consisted of using the Chisquare, Spearman and the Wilcoxon test. The principal component analysis observed in the case group, - 10.50 (-18.25; -4.75), was statistically higher than the control group, -6.00 (-8.75; -1.25). It is not possible to identify statistical significance (p = 0.462) in the variation of salivary cortisol concentration. The results suggest the effectiveness of the "K" technique in managing anxiety in high school students. Although, future research is needed to extend the preliminary data obtained in this study

Esta pesquisa apresenta argumentos teóricos de uma nova abordagem denominada Técnica "K", visando reduzir a ansiedade do aluno diante de um desafio cognitivo. Por meio de um ensaio clínico randomizado e controlado, avaliamos o Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e o cortisol salivar. Comparamos os resultados dos alunos, que estavam enfrentando provas escolares, antes e após a aplicação da técnica "K" (grupo intervenção) e placebo (grupo controle). As análises estatísticas consistiram na utilização do Qui-quadrado, Spearman e teste de Wilcoxon. A análise de componentes principais observada no grupo caso, -10,50 (-18,25; -4,75), foi estatisticamente superior ao grupo controle, -6,00 (-8,75; -1,25). Não é possível identificar significância estatística (p = 0,462) na variação da concentração de cortisol salivar. Os resultados sugerem a eficácia da técnica "K" no manejo da ansiedade em estudantes do ensino médio. No entanto, pesquisas futuras são necessárias para estender os dados preliminares obtidos neste estudo

Esta investigación presenta argumentos teóricos para un nuevo enfoque denominado Técnica "K", con el objetivo de reducir la ansiedad de los estudiantes frente a un desafío cognitivo. A través de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado y controlado, evaluamos el Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck y el cortisol salival. Comparamos los resultados de los estudiantes, que se enfrentaban a pruebas escolares, antes y después de la aplicación de la técnica "K" (grupo de intervención) y placebo (grupo control). Los análisis estadísticos consistieron en utilizar la prueba de Chicuadrado, Spearman y Wilcoxon. El análisis de componentes principales observado en el grupo de casos, -10,50 (-18,25; -4,75), fue estadísticamente superior al grupo control, -6,00 (-8,75; -1,25). No es posible identificar significación estadística (p = 0,462) en la variación de la concentración de cortisol salival. Los resultados sugieren la efectividad de la técnica "K" en el manejo de la ansiedad en estudiantes de secundaria. Sin embargo, se necesitan futuras investigaciones para ampliar los datos preliminares obtenidos en este estudio

Comparison of Techniques for Obtaining Centric Relation Based on the Reproducibility of the Condylar Positions in Centric Relation-A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to compare centric relation (CR) techniques that belong to the same method of obtaining CR (guided, graphical, or physiological method), to verify which CR technique within each method of obtaining CR generates the greatest reproducibility of the condylar positions (or mandibular position) in CR. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published up to May 5, 2021. The search terms were combinations of "dental centric relation" (MeSH), with each of the following terms (individually): "reproducibility of findings" (MeSH); "jaw relation record" (MeSH); "chin point"; "gothic arch"; "bimanual manipulation"; "swallowing" (MeSH); and "jig." Inclusion criteria: clinical studies in English; individuals without temporomandibular dysfunction and with complete or almost complete dentition or complete edentulous; and comparison between CR techniques belonging to the same method of obtaining CR based on the reproducibility of condylar positions in CR. For each method of obtaining the CR, the following CR techniques were considered: guided method (chin point guidance and bimanual manipulation); graphic method (intraoral and extraoral gothic arch tracing); and physiologic method (swallowing and tongue retrusion along the palate). A total of 1692 articles were screened. After the inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, six articles were included in this review. None of the included studies evaluated edentulous individuals. All included articles compared CR techniques of the guided method. Three articles concluded that the bimanual technique showed greater reproducibility of the condylar positions in CR than the chin point guidance technique, two articles showed equivalence between these techniques, and 1 article concluded that the chin point guidance technique showed greater reproducibility of the condylar positions in CR than the bimanual technique. Thus, in this systematic review, the bimanual technique was often superior (generated greater reproducibility of the CR) or at least equivalent to the chin point guidance technique. Therefore, for individuals with complete dentition and without temporomandibular disorders, the bimanual technique is more recommended.

Dentistry and Intensive Care Unit: A Brief Report.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to verify whether removable dentures of patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida spp., and enterobacteria). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen patients who were denture wearers (removable partial denture and complete denture) were included in this study. Patients must wear their dentures daily, and these dentures must have acrylic parts. Microbial biofilm was collected from the acrylic part of one denture of each patient. Then, the biofilm was seeded on different culture media: Sabouraud agar, blood agar, MacConkey agar, and mannitol salt agar. In this study, biochemical evaluations of microorganisms were performed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The percentage of dentures with the microorganism identified by each culture medium was calculated. RESULTS: In total, 100% of the dentures were positive for Staphylococcus spp. (blood agar) and Candida spp. (Sabouraud agar); 33.3% of the dentures were positive for S. aureus (Mannitol salt agar); and 13.3% of the dentures were positive for Shigella spp. (MacConkey agar). CONCLUSION: Removable dentures of patients (removable partial dentures and complete dentures) admitted to an ICU are niches of microorganisms that can cause pathologies.

Quality of Life, Satisfaction, Occlusal Force, and Halitosis after Direct and Indirect Relining of Inferior Complete Dentures.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the direct relining technique with the indirect relining technique in relation to quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, occlusal force, and halitosis of users of acrylic complete dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty bimaxillary edentulous individuals were selected. They had to use the same pair of complete dentures for a minimum of 1 year and a maximum of 5 years. The subjects were randomly divided in groups of direct relining and indirect relining of the inferior denture (n = 10). Both groups received the same silicone-based relining. The clinical tests verified the quality of life (Oral Health Impact Profile in edentulous individuals), the satisfaction with the relining, the occlusal force, and halitosis. The tests (halitosis and occlusal force) were performed initially (before the relining), immediately after the relining, and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining. The questionnaires (quality of life and satisfaction with the relining) were performed initially (before the relining), and 30, 60, 90, and 180 days after the relining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Analysis of variance and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: There was no statistical difference comparing the two techniques in all the evaluations (p < 0.05). There was a significant statistical difference for the factor of time in all clinical tests for each relining technique (p < 0.05). The quality of life and satisfaction with the relining increased significantly 30 days after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05). The occlusal force increased significantly after 90 and 180 days when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05). Halitosis decreased significantly immediately after the relining when compared with the initial time point, for both techniques (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Independent of the relining technique used, there was an increase in the quality of life, satisfaction with the relining, and occlusal force, as well as a reduction in the level of halitosis. Both techniques generated similar results and therefore can be options in clinical practice.

Influence of Different Pigment Incorporation Methods on the Sorption and Solubility of Medical Silicones.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to verify the influence of three pigment incorporation methods (conventional, mechanical, and industrial) on the sorption and solubility of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The groups formed were based on the silicones used (A-2186 and MDX4-4210), intrinsic pigments (pink, bronze, and black), and pigment incorporation methods (conventional, mechanical, and industrial). The dimensions of all samples were 45-mm diameter (ø) × 1-mm thickness. Readings were taken initially and after 1,008 hours of aging. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Three-way analysis of variance and the Tukey's test were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS: For sorption and solubility, there was no difference between the incorporation methods for the A-2186 silicone, regardless of the pigment used (p > 0.05). For pink MDX4-4210, the industrial and mechanical methods showed higher values of sorption compared with the conventional method (p < 0.05). For bronze MDX4-4210, the industrial method showed a higher sorption value compared with the conventional and mechanical methods (p < 0.05). For black MDX4-4210, there was no difference between incorporation methods based on sorption (p > 0.05). For pink MDX4-4210, the mechanical method showed a higher solubility value compared with the industrial and conventional methods (p < 0.05). For black MDX4-4210 and bronze MDX4-4210, there was no statistically significant difference between incorporation methods based on solubility (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on sorption and solubility, for the A-2186 silicone, the conventional, mechanical, and industrial methods of pigment incorporation were equivalent. For the MDX4-4210 silicone, its results of sorption and solubility were varied, and further studies are recommended.

Parental burnout: a scoping review / Parental burnout: revisión del alcance / Burnout parental: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objective: to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. Method: scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. Results: 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. Conclusions: this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear la evidencia disponible sobre el tema del agotamiento de los padres. Método: revisión del alcance, según el Instituto Joanna Briggs. Búsqueda en enero de 2021, en seis bases de datos de publicaciones en inglés, portugués o español, sin límite de tiempo. Datos extraídos y analizados descriptivamente por tres investigadores independientes. Resultados: se capturaron 374 artículos y se incluyeron 20 en la muestra final, todos publicados en inglés, a partir de 2017. El burnout parental es un problema complejo y multifactorial, distinto de los casos de burnout, síntomas depresivos y otras alteraciones de la salud mental. Afecta entre el 0,2 y el 20% de los padres, cuenta con instrumentos de medición validados y adecuados y, si no se trata, puede tener consecuencias en la vida conyugal, las relaciones laborales, el abandono y la violencia contra el niño. Conclusiones: este es un tema reciente que necesita ser explorado, por el posible impacto en la salud de los niños y las familias y en los procesos laborales de los padres. Protocolo registrado en el Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear evidências disponíveis sobre a temática burnout parental Método: revisão de escopo, conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute. Busca em janeiro de 2021, em seis bases de dados de publicações em inglês, português ou espanhol, sem delimitação de tempo. Dados extraídos e analisados descritivamente por três pesquisadores independentes. Resultados: capturados 374 artigos e incluídos 20 na amostra final, todos publicados em inglês, a partir de 2017. Burnout parental consiste em problema complexo, multifatorial, distinto dos casos de burnout, sintomas depressivos e outras alterações de saúde mental. Acomete 0,2 a 20% dos pais, possui instrumentos validados e adequados para mensuração e, se não tratado, pode acarretar consequências na vida conjugal, relações de trabalho, negligência e violência contra a criança. Conclusões: trata-se de temática recente que necessita ser explorada, pelo possível impacto na saúde de crianças e famílias e nos processos de trabalho dos pais. Protocolo registrado no Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

Parental burnout: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: to map available evidence on parental burnout theme. METHOD: scoping review as according to the Joanna Briggs Institute. Search in January 2021, in six databases of publications in English, Portuguese or Spanish, without time limits. Data extracted and descriptively analyzed by three independent researchers. RESULTS: 374 articles were identified and 20 were included in the final sample, all published in English, from 2017 onwards. Parental burnout is a complex, multifactorial problem, distinct from burnout cases, depressive symptoms and other mental health alterations. It affects 0.2 to 20% of parents, has validated and suitable instruments for measurement; if not treated, can have consequences on marital life, work relationships, child neglect and violence. CONCLUSIONS: this is a recent theme that needs to be explored, due to the possible impact on children's and families' health and on parents' work processes. Protocol registered in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/jd7vk).

Relation Between Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient: A Clinical Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the relation between the insertion torque and implant stability quotient (ISQ recorded immediately and 6 months after implant placement). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five patients over the age of 18 years were selected for this study. One implant was placed per patient after tooth extraction. All implants had the same size (11.5 × 3.75 mm) and brand (Hexagonal Morse cone, DSP Biomedical). The insertion torque (Ncm) and resonance frequency analysis (ISQ value) (Osstell Mentor) were used to assess the primary stability (on the day of surgery). After 6 months, resonance frequency analysis was used to assess the secondary stability of each implant. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The insertion torque data were correlated with ISQ measurements by using Pearson's correlation. The significance level was 5%. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between insertion torque and initial ISQ (correlation: 0.457; p = 0.022); however, no correlation was found between insertion torque and final ISQ (p = 0.308). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that there is a positive correlation between the insertion torque and the initial ISQ. Therefore, the higher the insertion torque, the higher the initial ISQ (and vice versa).

SARS-CoV-2 and Dentistry-Review.

SARS-CoV-2 (or 2019-nCoV) is the novel Coronavirus that affects humans. It originated in China at the end of 2019 due to the consumption of animals contaminated with this pathogen. SARS-CoV-2 causes the disease known as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease - 2019), and until May 21, 2020, approximately 213 countries and territories had been affected by SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to review the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry. A literature search on PubMed/Medline was performed on the May 21, 2020, using the keywords (Mesh terms) "COVID-19" or "SARS-CoV-2" or "Coronavirus" associated with "dentistry" or "dental care" or "oral medicine." SARS-CoV-2 articles about the origin and characteristics of this virus (SARS-CoV-2), symptoms and diagnosis of COVID-19, treatment of people with COVID-19, forms of transmission of the SARS-CoV-2, and precautions in dentistry were included. The search was expanded according to necessity. Articles related to precautions in dentistry and SARS-CoV-1 or MERS-CoV were also selected, since precautions used in the dental clinic to avoid these viruses also apply to SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the references cited in the publications of articles included were also considered when appropriate. There was no limit in relation to the year of publication, and only articles written in English were included. In this study, suggestions for the safety of dental professionals were also included. Forty-seven articles and nine websites were included in this review.

Influence of Different Pigmentations and Accelerated Aging on the Hardness and Tear Strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 Silicones.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different pigmentations and accelerated aging on the hardness and tear strength of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 silicones. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The samples A-2186 and MDX4-4210 were manufactured without and with pigmentations (black, bronze, and pink). For the Shore A hardness test, 80 samples of each silicone were fabricated, and for the tear strength test, 320 samples of each silicone were fabricated. Eight groups were created for each test (n = 10). These tests were performed before and after 252, 504, and 1008 hours of aging. Three-way repeated-measures analysis of variance and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The A-2186 silicone showed higher hardness and tear strength when compared with the MDX4-4210 silicone (p < 0.05), except in the hardness of the A-2186 and MDX4-4210 groups without pigmentation after 1008 hours (p > 0.05). All hardness values were between 25 and 35 units, regardless of the silicone type, period, and pigmentation (or no pigmentation). In most situations, the hardness of silicones used increased after 252 hours (p < 0.05). The nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group and all A-2186 groups showed an increase in tear strength after 252 hours (p < 0.05). For the nonpigmented MDX4-4210 group, from 252 to 1008 hours, there was no change in tear strength (p > 0.05). All pigmented MDX4-4210 groups showed no change in tear strength from 0 (initial) to 1008 hours of aging (p > 0.05). In all A-2186 groups, from 252 to 504 hours, there was a reduction in tear strength (p < 0.05), and from 504 to 1008 hours, there was an increase in tear strength (p < 0.05), except in the bronze A-2186 group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In most situations, the A-2186 silicone showed significantly higher values of hardness and tear strength than the MDX4-4210 silicone. All hardness values were considered clinically acceptable. Accelerated aging could increase, decrease, or not significantly change the hardness and tear strength of the silicones used. The results of hardness and tear strength suggest that MDX4-4210 was more influenced by the presence of pigmentation after aging.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context / Inventário de Personalidade para o DSM-5 (PID-5): adaptação transcultural e validade de conteúdo para o contexto brasileiro

Abstract Objective To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. Methods Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. Results All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Resumo Objetivo Apresentar o processo de adaptação transcultural do Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) para o contexto brasileiro. Métodos A adaptação transcultural envolveu as etapas de tradução independente, versão síntese e retrotradução. A validade de conteúdo foi realizada por um comitê multidisciplinar de especialistas, com avaliação quantitativa dos índices de concordância. Por fim, o pré-teste foi conduzido com a população-alvo. Resultados Todos os estágios da adaptação transcultural foram seguidos, e na maioria das estruturas avaliadas, os valores de concordância foram satisfatórios (≥ 4.75). Grande parte das sugestões de modificações feitas pelos especialistas foram acatadas, sendo as principais relacionadas a ajustes no tempo e concordância verbal e a inclusão de letras e palavras para permitir a flexão de gênero. No pré-teste nenhuma sugestão foi apresentada e o instrumento foi considerado compreensível. Conclusão A versão brasileira do PID-5 mostrou-se adequada ao contexto brasileiro sob as perspectivas semântica, idiomática, cultural e conceitual. A versão brasileira avaliada é de uso livre, foi aprovada pelas editoras responsáveis pelos direitos autorais do instrumento e é considerada oficial. Novos estudos estão sendo conduzidos para aprimorar a busca por evidencias de validade e confiabilidade.

Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5): cross-cultural adaptation and content validity in the Brazilian context.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the process of cross-cultural adaptation of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) to the Brazilian context. METHODS: Cross-cultural adaptation involved the steps of independent translation of the instrument, synthesis version, and back-translation. Analysis of content validity was conducted by a multidisciplinary expert committee and consisted of quantitative assessment of agreement indicators. The test was then applied to a target population. RESULTS: All the steps required for a cross-cultural adaptation were followed and satisfactory agreement values (≥ 4.75) were reached for most of the structures assessed. Most of the changes suggested by the experts were followed; these changes consisted primarily of adjustments to verb tense and agreement and the inclusion of letters and words to allow gender inflection. In the pre-test, no suggestions were made and the instrument was considered comprehensible. CONCLUSION: The Brazilian version of the PID-5 was found to be adequate to the Brazilian context from semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual perspectives. The Brazilian version assessed here can be freely used, was approved by the publishers who hold the copyright on the instrument, and is considered the official version of the instrument. New studies are underway to determine the validity and reliability of the PID-5.

Heritability of social anxiety disorder: a systematic review of methodological designs

Abstract Background The investigation of heritability stands out as an important means to establish the weight of genetic and environmental factors in the development of social anxiety disorder. Objective This study aims to make a critical review of methodological designs used in the investigation of the social anxiety disorder (SAD) heritability. Methods We reviewed 31 research articles published until October 2015 and found through the electronic search bases PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus and manual searches in the reference lists of the selected references. Most of the investigations involved adult samples and twins to assess heritability. Results There was great variability in the screening and diagnostic instruments used in the studies, leading to different outcomes. Structural equation models proved to be the most adequate to assess SAD heritability, allowing better estimates of this aspect of the disorder. SAD heritability rates varied between 13% and 76% in the articles reviewed. Discussion We discuss methodological aspects that may affect the quality and the development of improved studies to investigate SAD heritability such as sample size, quality of screening instruments, and use of diagnostic interviews. More homogeneous investigations involving larger samples and standardized instruments and methods are desirable and opportune.

Estrutura fatorial, fidedignidade e parâmetros de itens da versão em português brasileiro do questionário GAD-7 / Factor structure, reliability, and item parameters of the brazilian-portuguese version of the GAD-7 questionnaire / Estructura factorial, confiabilidad, y ítems parámetros de la versión de portugués brasileño del cuestionario GAD-7

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder GAD-7 questionnaire in a community sample (n = 206) of Brazilian adults. The sample was 41% female, with a mean age of 21.10 (SD = 4.49),75.6% from colleges/universities. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis provided support to the original unidimensional model of the GAD-7 in the Brazilian context. Analyses of Variance (ANOVA) showed that the GAD-7 scores were significantly different between males and females, with females scoring higher than males. The scale demonstrated good reliability evidence; both Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = .916) and rho composite reliability coefficient (ρ= .909) were adequate. Item parameter analysis showed items 5 and 7 presented the highest severity thresholds for the generalized anxiety latent trait, whereas item 1 presented the lowest ones. Our findings suggest that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the GAD-7 is suitable for assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder symptoms in Brazilian adults in community settings.

Este estudo analisou as propriedades psicométricas da versão em Português Brasileiro do questionário de "Transtorno de Ansiedade Generalizada - GAD-7 em uma amostra de comunidade (n = 206) da população adulta brasileira. A amostra foi composta por de 41% de participantes do sexo feminino, com idade média de 21,10 (DP = 4,49), e 75,6% em instituições de ensino superior. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória forneceram apoio para o modelo unidimensional original do GAD-7 no contexto brasileiro. As análises de variância (ANOVA) mostraram que os escores do GAD-7 foram significativamente diferentes entre homens e mulheres, com as mulheres apresentando maiores escores que os homens. A escala demonstrou uma boa fidedignidade; sendo que tanto o coeficiente de Cronbach alfa (α = 0,916) e rho coeficiente de confiabilidade composta (ρ = 0,909) foram adequados. A análise dos parâmetros dos itens mostrou itens 5 e 7 apresentaram os limiares mais elevados de severidade para o traço-latente de ansiedade generalizada, enquanto que o item 1 apresentou as menores. Nossos resultados sugerem que a versão Português Brasileiro do GAD-7 é adequada para avaliar os sintomas do transtorno de ansiedade generalizada em adultos brasileiros em ambientes comunitários.

Este estudio examinó las propiedades psicométricas de la versión de portugués brasileño del cuestionario de Desorden de Ansiedad Generalizada GAD-7, en una muestra comunitaria (n = 206) de adultos brasileños. La muestra se compone de 41% de mujeres, con una edad media de 21,10 (SD = 4,49), y 75,6% estudiantes universitarios. El análisis factorial confirmatorio proporcionó evidencias que soportan el modelo unidimensional original del GAD-7 en el contexto brasileño. El análisis de variancia (ANOVA) mostró que las puntuaciones fueron significativamente diferentes entre hombres y mujeres, siendo que las mujeres obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas que los hombres. La escala demostró tener una buena confiabilidad; el coeficiente de alpha de Cronbach (α= .916) y el coeficiente rho de fiabilidad (ρ = .909) fueron adecuados. El análisis de datos mostró los ítems 5 y 7 tuvieron los umbrales de gravedad más altos en el trazo de ansiedad generalizada, mientras el ítem 1 tuvo el más bajo. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que la versión en portugués brasileño de GAD-7 es adecuado para la evaluación de síntomas de trastorno de ansiedad generalizada en adultos brasileños en contextos comunitarios.

Terapia cognitivo-comportamental breve para sintomas de ansiedade e depressão / Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety and depressive symptoms

Abordagens breves de psicoterapia têm ganhado cada vez mais espaço em função das constantes necessidades de diminuição de custos e otimização da participação de terapeutas no processo de psicoterapia. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental (TCC) é uma modalidade breve de atendimento por natureza, mas que ainda se mantém interessada na busca de intervenções cada vez mais breves e eficazes. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de atendimentos breves em TCC em sintomas de depressão e ansiedade. Foram selecionados prontuários de 21 pacientes que participaram de sete atendimentos em TCC breve, durante um estágio de formação de terapeutas cognitivo-comportamentais. Nos atendimentos, os pacientes foram avaliados antes e após as intervenções por meio de instrumentos que medem sintomas de ansiedade (BAI e IPAn) e depressão (BDI), além de qualidade de vida (WHOQOL-Bref). Foram observadas diferenças significativas nos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e qualidade de vida dos participantes. Implicações desse resultado, limites do estudo e consequência dos atendimentos breves em TCC são discutidos(AU)

Brief approaches to psychotherapy have been gaining more space and attention in efforts for cost savings and optimization of the participation of therapists in the psychotherapy process. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is considered a short form of psychotherapy, but which still keeps interest in finding more brief and effective approaches. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of short interventions in CBT on symptoms of depression and anxiety. Records of 21 patients that have participated in seven appointments of brief CBT, during a CBT internship course to form cognitive-behavioral therapists, were selected for this study. In the protocol, patients were evaluated before and after the interventions through instruments that measure symptoms of anxiety (BAI and IPAN) and of depression (BDI), and quality of life (WHOQOL-Brief). Significant differences were observed in symptoms of depression, anxiety and in quality of life of the participants. Implications of these results, the limitations of the study and the consequences of brief interventions in CBT are discussed(AU)

Da Gnosiologia à Epistemologia: um caminho científico para uma terapia baseada em evidências / From Gnosiology to Epistemology: a scientific path to an evidence-based therapy

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir como conceitos da teoria do conhecimento, particularmente a gnosiologia e a epistemologia, podem contribuir para o estudo das bases filosóficas da terapia cognitiva. Outro objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência do construtivismo e do racionalismo crítico no desenvolvimento dos objetivos terapêuticos e das técnicas em terapia cognitiva. Esses objetivos são alcançados a partir da revisão do idealismo transcendental de Kant, do conceito de construtivismo e da influência da psicologia cognitiva na terapia cognitiva. Analisa-se também a terapia cognitiva como uma prática científica, baseada no método hipotético-dedutivo. Nesse sentido, as etapas do processo terapêutico em terapia cognitiva e a aplicabilidade de algumas técnicas cognitivas e comportamentais em cada etapa são analisadas a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, utilizando como analogia as práticas de pesquisa. Por fim, discute-se a visão da terapia cognitiva como um processo de aprendizagem e a influência do terapeuta no processo terapêutico.(AU)

This paper aims to discuss how the theory of knowledge, mainly gnosiology and epistemology, can contribute to the study of the philosophical foundations of cognitive therapy. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the influence of constructivism and critical rationalism in the development of therapeutic goals and techniques of cognitive therapy. These goals are achieved from reviewing the transcendental idealism of Kant, the concept of constructivism and the influence of cognitive psychology in cognitive therapy. It also examines the cognitive therapy as a scientific practice, based on the hypothetical-deductive method. In this direction, the steps of the therapeutic process in cognitive therapy and the application of some cognitive and behavioral techniques for each step are analyzed from the hypothetical-deductive method perspective, using research practices as an analogy. Finally, we discuss the vision of cognitive therapy as a learning process and the influence of the therapist in the therapeutic process.(AU)

Da Gnosiologia à Epistemologia: um caminho científico para uma terapia baseada em evidências / From Gnosiology to Epistemology: a scientific path to an evidence-based therapy

Este trabalho tem como objetivo discutir como conceitos da teoria do conhecimento, particularmente a gnosiologia e a epistemologia, podem contribuir para o estudo das bases filosóficas da terapia cognitiva. Outro objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a influência do construtivismo e do racionalismo crítico no desenvolvimento dos objetivos terapêuticos e das técnicas em terapia cognitiva. Esses objetivos são alcançados a partir da revisão do idealismo transcendental de Kant, do conceito de construtivismo e da influência da psicologia cognitiva na terapia cognitiva. Analisa-se também a terapia cognitiva como uma prática científica, baseada no método hipotético-dedutivo. Nesse sentido, as etapas do processo terapêutico em terapia cognitiva e a aplicabilidade de algumas técnicas cognitivas e comportamentais em cada etapa são analisadas a partir do método hipotético-dedutivo, utilizando como analogia as práticas de pesquisa. Por fim, discute-se a visão da terapia cognitiva como um processo de aprendizagem e a influência do terapeuta no processo terapêutico...

This paper aims to discuss how the theory of knowledge, mainly gnosiology and epistemology, can contribute to the study of the philosophical foundations of cognitive therapy. Furthermore, this study aims to analyze the influence of constructivism and critical rationalism in the development of therapeutic goals and techniques of cognitive therapy. These goals are achieved from reviewing the transcendental idealism of Kant, the concept of constructivism and the influence of cognitive psychology in cognitive therapy. It also examines the cognitive therapy as a scientific practice, based on the hypothetical-deductive method. In this direction, the steps of the therapeutic process in cognitive therapy and the application of some cognitive and behavioral techniques for each step are analyzed from the hypothetical-deductive method perspective, using research practices as an analogy. Finally, we discuss the vision of cognitive therapy as a learning process and the influence of the therapist in the therapeutic process...

Validation of the "Anxious Thoughts Inventory" for use in Brazil / Validação do "Anxious Thoughts Inventory" para o uso no Brasil / Validación del "Anxious Thoughts Inventory" para su uso en Brasil

Worry is a cognitive process in the form of intrusive, repetitive negative thoughts referring to a future event. We adapted and validated the Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI) for use in Brazil, and tested its correlations to the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ), and the Rumination and Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ). 276 Brazilian undergraduates answered all measures. Factor analysis evinced three domains: environmental, own-body and meta-cognitive. Good internal consistency (.86) was detected and positive correlations were found with all measures. The Brazilian version of the AnTI (Inventário de Pensamentos Ansiosos - IPAn) is presented as a valid and reliable measure for use with Brazilian samples, useful in clinical and experimental applications. Further studies are encouraged in order to strengthen the validation process as well as provide useful data on anxious thoughts related to other health variables(AU)

A preocupação é um processo cognitivo na forma de pensamentos intrusivos, negativos e repetitivos referentes a um evento futuro. Neste estudo, validou-se o Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI) para uso no Brasil e foram testadas suas correlações com: Inventário Beck de Ansiedade, o Inventário Beck de Depressão, Penn State Worry Questionnaire e Questionário de Ruminação e Reflexão. 276 universitários responderam às medidas. A análise fatorial evidenciou três domínios: ambiental, corporal e meta-cognitivo. Os resultados apontam boa consistência interna da versão adaptada (0,86) e correlações positivas com todas medidas avaliadas. A versão brasileira do AnTI (Inventário de Pensamentos Ansiosos - IPAN) é apresentada como uma medida válida e confiável para uso com amostras brasileiras, útil em aplicações clínicas e experimentais. Mais estudos são incentivados a fim de fortalecer o processo de validação, bem como fornecer dados úteis sobre pensamentos ansiosos relacionados a outras variáveis de saúde(AU)

La preocupación es un proceso cognitivo en forma de pensamientos intrusivos negativos y repetitivos que se refieren a un evento futuro. Hemos adaptado el Anxious Thoughts Inventory (AnTI) para su uso en Brasil y probamos sus correlaciones con: Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI), Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), Cuestionario de Preocupación Penn State (PSWQ) y Cuestionario de Reflexión y Rumiación (QRR). 276 estudiantes brasileños respondieron las medidas. El análisis factorial reveló tres dominios: corporal, ambiental y meta-cognitivo. Se detectó una buena consistencia interna de la versión adaptada (0,86) y se encontraron correlaciones positivas con todas las medidas evaluadas. La versión brasileña de AnTI (Inventário de Pensamentos Ansiosos - IPAn) se presenta como una medida válida para uso con muestras brasileñas, útil en aplicaciones clínicas y experimentales. Se alienta a más estudios para fortalecer el proceso de validación, así como proporcionar datos útiles sobre los pensamientos de ansiedad relacionados con otras variables de salud(AU)